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    Swarming Computational Techniques for the Influenza Disease System
    (Tech Science Press, 2022-07-28) Cieza Altamirano, Gilder; Sakda Noinang; Zulqurnain Sabir; Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja; Manuel Jesús Sànchez-Chero; Seminario-Morales, María-Verónica; Wajaree Weera; Thongchai Botmart
    The current study relates to designing a swarming computational paradigm to solve the influenza disease system (IDS). The nonlinear system’s mathematical form depends upon four classes: susceptible ndividuals, infected people, recovered individuals and cross-immune people. The solutions of the IDS are provided by using the artificial neural networks (ANNs) together with the swarming computational paradigm-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) and interior-point scheme (IPA) that are the global and local search approaches. The ANNs-PSO-IPA has never been applied to solve the IDS. Instead a merit function in the sense of mean square error is constructed using the differential form of each class of the IDS and then optimized by the PSOIPA. The correctness and accuracy of the scheme are observed to perform the comparative analysis of the obtained IDS results with the Adams solutions (reference solutions). An absolute error in suitable measures shows the precision of the proposed ANNs procedures and the optimization efficiency of the PSOIPA. Furthermore, the reliability and competence of the proposed computing method are enhanced through the statistical performances.
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    Solution to a Damped Duffing Equation Using He’s Frequency Approach
    (Hindawi, 2022-07-11) Salas, Alvaro H. S.; Cieza Altamirano, Gilder; Sánchez-Chero, Manuel
    In this paper, we generalize He’s frequency approach for solving the damped Duffing equation by introducing a time varying amplitude. We also solve this equation by means of the homotopy method and the Lindstedt–Poincaré method. High accurate formulas for approximating the Jacobi elliptic function cn are formally derived using Chebyshev and Pade approximation techniques.
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    Variabilidad morfológica de la “tara” Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina.) Kuntze (Fabaceae), en poblaciones naturales de Cajamarca: descriptores de fruto y semilla
    (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota, 2019-05) Villena Velásquez, Jim Jairo; Seminario Cunya, Juan F.; Valderrama Cabrera, Miguel A.
    La “tara” o “taya” Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze (Fabaceae) es una especie sudamericana de importancia biológica, económica y cultural. Sus frutos y semillas son usados en medicina, alimentación y la industria, y provienen principalmente de poblaciones silvestres. El Perú es el principal exportador de “tara” y la región Cajamarca es el segundo productor en este país. Sin embargo, los estudios sobre variabilidad morfológica de la especie son escasos y confusos, lo cual limita su uso, estudio y conservación. Los estudios indican que los caracteres morfológicos discriminantes se encuentran en el fruto (vaina) y la semilla. Se reunieron 56 muestras de vainas de nueve provincias de la región Cajamarca. Mediante observación directa y con literatura especializada se establecieron once descriptores básicos de fruto y semilla, para determinar la variabilidad del germoplasma. Los datos se ingresaron a una matriz básica de datos y se procesaron con el programa NTSYS 2.2. Se identificaron siete morfotipos (clusters): Gigante, distribuida en Cajamarca, Contumazá y Chota; Blanca y Roja, distribuidas en las nueve provincias; Barbada, exclusiva de Celendín; Jancos, distribuida en Cajamarca, San Pablo y Santa Cruz; Ista, distribuida en Cajamarca y Contumazá; y Globosa, distribuida en Cajamarca. Los cinco primeros componentes principales explicaron 73 % de la varianza total y los caracteres que más aportaron a esta varianza fueron ubicación del hilo, forma de semilla, relación largo/ancho de vaina, color del lado opuesto al sol, apariencia superficial de la vaina, presencia de pelos glandulares en la vaina, peso de la semilla y relación largo/ancho de la semilla.
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    Adubos e coberturas orgânicas, fontes de nutrientes de liberação lenta na produção de acelga de colheitas múltiplas
    (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota, 2019-08) Murga Orrillo, Hipólito; Irigoín Aguilar, Jhon Maber; Hilares Vargas, Sharmely; Bardales Lozano, Ricardo Manuel; De Almeida Lobo, Francisco
    Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de coberturas e adubos orgânicos na estabilidade produtiva da acelga. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial e em parcelas subdivididas; usando húmus de minhoca (A1), guano de ilha (A2), e húmus de esterco de porquinho-da-índia (A3) como adubos, serragem de pinheiro-de-folhas-pêndulas (C1), casca de arroz (C2), e palha de aveia (C3) como coberturas, para três colheitas sucessivas. Avaliou-se, porcentagem de emergência (E), comprimento de folhas (CF), massa fresca de folhas (MFF) e massa seca de folhas (MSF). Nos resultados, as coberturas que propiciaram os maiores valores foram a C2 e C3 com 43,1 e 42,7 cm no CF, 209,9 e 215,5 g no MFF, respectivamente; nos adubos, o A3 proporcionou os maiores valores com 92,0% na E, 44,2 cm no CF, 231,6 g no MFF, e 154 g no MSF. As coberturas de C2 e C3 e, o adubo de A3 condicionaram os melhores desempenhos no CF e MFF em relação aos outros tratamentos; os rendimentos mantiveram-se na 1ª e 2a colheita baixando significativamente na 3a colheita; o húmus de esterco de porquinho-da-índia apresenta caraterísticas nutricionais destacáveis para seu uso na horticultura.
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    Relation between the mineral nutrients and the vitamin C content in camu-camu plants (Myrciria dubia) cultivated on high soils and flood soils of Ucayali, Peru
    (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota, 2016-09-27) Abanto Rodríguez, Carlos; Pinedo Panduro, Mario; Alves Chagas, Edvan; Cardoso Chagas, Pollyana; Tadashi Sakazaki, Roberto; Santos de Menezes, Pedro Henrique; Murga Orrillo, Hipólito; Farias Araújo, Wellington
    Camu-camu is a native plant of the Peruvian Amazon. It is noted for its high concentration of ascorbic acid, however this feature varies widely from one location to another due to genetic and environmental factors. In order to determine the relationship between mineral nutrients and the concentration of ascorbic acid in camu- camu plants, a study was conducted in three camu-camu producing areas in flood-prone soils and soils on dry land conditions in the Ucayali Region. For this purpose, soil samples and camu-camu were collected. The content of following macronutrients was analyzed: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium; also was determined the concentration of aluminum, pH, organic matter and ascorbic acid. The results show that the camu-camu plantations located in upland soils had lower concentrations of ascorbic acid and lower natural fertility, than soils prone to flooding. Ascorbic acid is negatively related to the concentration of aluminum and positively to the concentration of magnesium and phosphorus in the camu-camu producing areas. It is concluded that the concentration of ascorbic acid in camu-camu plants is best expressed when soils have better chemical attributes and good conditions of natural fertility.
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    Aspectos biológicos y control de un gracilláriido (Gracillariidae: Lepidóptera) en Caesalpinia spinosa (Mol.) Kuntze (1898), en Cajamarca, Perú
    (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota, 2016-06-29) Murga Orrillo, Hipólito; Abanto Rodríguez, Carlos; Polo Vargas, Ana Rosa
    Se tuvo por objetivo determinar aspectos biológicos, identificar enemigos naturales, y establecer periodos oportunos de control de un gracillariido plaga de tara. Los aspectos biológicos y los enemigos naturales se evaluaron en campo y en laboratorio, los periodos oportunos de control se determinó por interacción hospedero-plaga. Los resultados, el huevo dura 7,8 días y mide 0,34x0,21mm; la larva presenta 4 instares y dura 35,7 días, variando de medidas entre 1 o y 4 o instar de 0,09 a 0,65 mm de diámetro de encéfalo; la pupa dura 14,3 días y mide 6,7mmx1,1mm; el adulto dura 7,5 días y mide 13,43 mm de expansión alar. Presenta enemigos naturales, familias Encyrtidae, Ichneumonidae, y géneros Chelonus sp., Chrysoperla sp., Hemerobius sp., Cicloneda sp., Hipodamia sp., y Zelus spp. Las mejores épocas de control ocurren cuando la fenología de la tara está entre R3.1 a R4 y R3.3 a R6.
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    Configuration of the Deep Neural Network Hyperparameters for the Hypsometric Modeling of the Guazuma crinita Mart. in the Peruvian Amazon
    (MDPI, 2022-04-22) Gianmarco Goycochea Casas; Duberlí Geomar Elera Gonzáles; Juan Rodrigo Baselly Villanueva; Leonardo Pereira Fardin; Hélio Garcia Leite
    The Guazuma crinita Mart. is a dominant species of great economic importance for the inhabitants of the Peruvian Amazon, standing out for its rapid growth and being harvested at an early age. Understanding its vertical growth is a challenge that researchers have continued to study using different hypsometric modeling techniques. Currently, machine learning techniques, especially artificial neural networks, have revolutionized modeling for forest management, obtaining more accurate predictions; it is because we understand that it is of the utmost importance to adapt, evaluate and apply these methods in this species for large areas. The objective of this study was to build and evaluate the efficiency of the use of a deep neural network for the prediction of the total height of Guazuma crinita Mart. from a large-scale continuous forest inventory. To do this, we explore different configurations of the hidden layer hyperparameters and define the variables according to the function HT = f(x) where HT is the total height as the output variable and x is the input variable(s). Under this criterion, we established three HT relationships: based on the diameter at breast height (DBH), (i) HT = f(DBH); based on DBH and Age, (ii) HT = f(DBH, Age) and based on DBH, Age and Agroclimatic variables, (iii) HT = f(DBH, Age, Agroclimatology), respectively. In total, 24 different configuration models were established for each function, concluding that the deep artificial neural network technique presents a satisfactory performance for the predictions of the total height of Guazuma crinita Mart. for modeling large areas, being the function based on DBH, Age and agroclimatic variables, with a performance validation of RMSE = 0.70, MAE = 0.50, bias% = −0.09 and VAR = 0.49, showed better accuracy than the others.
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    Development and preliminary validation of an automatic digital analysis system for animal fibre analysis
    (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota, 2017-10-02) Quispe Bonilla, Max David; Benavidez Caballero, Freddy Gianfranco; Sauri Ibañez, Roberth Andre; Bengoechea Irañeta, José Javier; Quispe Peña, Edgar Carlos
    New equipment was designed and developed to evaluate the physical characteristics of animal fibres, based on an automatic digital analysis system (ADAS) that allows the capture of a series of real-time images. In the development of the mechanical component, a design tool was used that allows visualization, simulation, and documentation of the product. At the same time, an Atmel (ATmega328) microcontroller was programmed to enable displacement of table coordinates, focus of images, and reading of the temperature and humidity of fibre samples and the environment. The fibre images were processed using artificial vision technology. Algorithms were also developed for edge detection to define the diameter of the fibre in pixels. Finally, calibration was carried out using a regression and standardized samples of wool tops. The authors then weighted the pixels to μm with a standard sample. A friendly graphical interface was developed for management of the built equipment, visualization of results, calibration, data and graphic export, configuration, among others. For validation, average fibre diameter (AFD), standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation and comfort factor (CF) were compared with values of top wool patterns. Finally, the measurements of OFDA 2000 and FIBER-EC were compared using student t-test and Pearson correlation. The results of the validation showed that the confidence limit of FIBER-EC, which varied between 0.075 and 3.47 μm, is similar to that of the confidence limit of Sirolan Laserscan and OFDA 2000. Accuracy is better than the OFDA 2000 for fibre assessments less than 25 μm, which vary between 0.034 and 0.250 μm.
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    Sustratos orgánicos en la producción de plantas de Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.)
    (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota, 2016-09-27) Abanto Rodriguez, Carlos Javier; García Soria, Diego; Guerra Arévalo, Wilson; Murga Orrillo, Hipólito; Saldaña Ríos, Gisela; Vázquez Reátegui, Daniela; Tadashi Sakazaki, Roberto
    Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la influencia del compuesto orgánico en la producción de plantas de capirona. El experimento fue realizado en el Centro de Investigaciones Dale E. Bandy del IIAP Ucayali. Los tratamientos fueron distribuidos mediante un Diseño Completos al Azar (DCA), con 5 tratamientos 3 repeticiones y 10 plantas por unidad experimental, los tratamientos fueron: T1 [Tierra aluvial]; T2 [tierra agrícola]; T3 [Tierra aluvial + tierra agrícola (1:1)]; T4 [Tierra aluvial + cascarilla de arroz + gallinaza (1:1:1)] y T5 [Tierra Agrícola+ cascarilla de arroz + gallinaza (1:1:1]. Las variables evaluadas al final del experimento fueron altura de planta (H) (cm); diámetro basal (DB) (mm); número de hojas; relación altura y diámetro basal (H∕DB); masa seca de la parte aérea (MSPA) (g); masa seca de la raíz (MSR) (g) e índice de calidad de Dickson (IQD). Los resultados muestran que los tratamientos T4 y T5 presentaron diferencias significativas superiores en todas las variables evaluadas en relación a los otros tratamientos. En ese sentido se concluye que los sustratos [Tierra aluvial + cascarilla de arroz + gallinaza] y [Tierra Agrícola+ cascarilla de arroz + gallinaza], provenientes de residuos de origen animal y vegetal proporcionaron mayor eficiencia en el crecimiento y mejor calidad de plantas de capirona aptas para campo definitivo.
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    Shade nets and substrates in seedling production of Annona squamosa L. in the Roraima Cerrado
    (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota, 2019-09) Tadashi Sakazaki, Roberto; Farias Araújo, Wellington; Lopes Monteiro Neto, João Luiz; Cardoso Chagas, Pollyana; Alves Chagas, Edvan; Murga Orrillo, Hipólito; Bardales Lozano, Ricardo Manuel; Abanto Rodríguez, Carlos
    Sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) is one of the most widely grown member of the Annonaceae family in several regions, but there is still a lack of agronomic data regarding the management of its initial growth stages under Cerrado conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the production of Annona squamosa L. seedlings under different environmental conditions achieved by using shade nets (E1: ChromatiNet® Silver 50%; E2: ChromatiNet® red 50%; E3: ChromatiNet® red 35%; E4: ChromatiNet® Silver 35%) in combination with four different substrates (S1: soil + sand + chicken manure; S2: soil + sand + cattle manure; S3: soil + sand + cattle manure + chicken manure; S4: soil + sand + sheep manure). An experiment was set up using a completely randomized design with treatments in a split-plot arrangement, with four replicates and ten plants per experimental unit. Seedling growth parameters and quality indices were evaluated. The tested environments had higher local temperatures relative to the external environment, which had a negative effect on plant growth. Environment E2 resulted in the highest plant height and dry weight, but led to uneven growth among the evaluated plant parts. The substrate with sheep manure (S4) did not benefit seedling production. The best results for seedling growth and quality were obtained with substrates S2 (soil + sand + cattle manure) and S3 (soil + sand + cattle manure + chicken manure), which are therefore promising for Annona squamosa L. seedling production in the Roraima Cerrado.